Vibratory motor



March 12, 1946. E s, TOLMlE 2,396,397

vI-BRATORY MOTOR Filed Jan. 17, 1944V I3 M /5 l 'Z4/3 86 l5 0 l 0 4 8 `f- 'g2 /9 2G ICD/8 l0 /6,

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A l .3 33 9/ lo 33 /zf /z 4 Patented Mar. '12, 1946 VIBRATORY MOTOR Edgar S. Tolmie, Fairiield, Conn., assigner to Remington Rand, Inc., Buffalo, Np. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application January 17, 1944, Serial No. 518,547-

7 Claims.

'Ihis invention relates to vibratory motors of the type particularly adapted for use in operating electric dry shavers.

'I'his application is for the most part a continuation of application Serial No. 495,243 filed July 19, 1943.

The invention comprehends a vibratory motor that is quiet in operation; will operate on both a1- ternating and direct current; is very powerful for its size; is light in weight, compact in construction; involves a minimum number of parts which may be readily assembled; has an armature assembly unit independently and adjustably mounted on the casing from the stator or eld unit with a separate independently mounted unit cooperating to provide for direct current operation; and having a leaf spring aligned with the armature on opposite sides of a supporting post with an arcuate arm connection between the end of the spring remote from the post and the armature to prevent the amature from striking the stator pole faces in operation and provide a greater amplitude of vibratory motion for operating a shaver or the like and at the same time transmitting little vibration to the case by reason of self equalization and distribution.

The invention further provides for the elimination of bearings, shafts, cams and other similar wearing parts; provides for balanced spring return power against the magnetic pulling power to obtain equalized power operation of the operating arm in both directions; provides operation of the direct current pulsating unit from the same field that operates the motor armature; the insulation of the operating arm for eliminating static, short circuit and shock from the shearing heads or other units driven by the motor; and equally efcient operation on either alternating or direct current of the same voltage.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the vibratory motor of this invention applied in a casing forming the handle of a dry shaver, the motor being shown constructed for operating shaver heads mounted on one end of the casing.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-section through the casing taken on line 2--2 of Fig. 1 showing the motor in side elevation.

Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail cross-section glirough the armature unit taken on line 4-4 oi' Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail cross-section through the vibrator unit taken on line 5--5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the terminal plate.

Fig. 7 is a wiring diagram showing the electrical circuits in the motor.

The invention is shown as providing a vibratory motor particularly designed for actuating electric dry Shavers and is illustrated in the drawing in conjunction with a complete dry shaver construction. The shaver has a handle formed of a two-part construction having a casing I and cover 2 removably mounted on the casing by suitable screws in a Well-known manner. One end,of casing I is constructed to receive a pair of shaver heads 3 of conventional form adapted for mounting in a well-known manner on the end of the casing. The type of shaver head illustrated has an outer stationary and an inner reciprocating cutter. The motor of the present invention therefore provides a struct-ure that will produce a reciprocating operation or an inner reciprocating cutter and therefore is a motor having an operating arm structure that is vibrated to produce the reciprocating motion for driving the inner cutter.

Casing I has an outer wall 4 formed with laterally extending side wall portions at the edges cooperating with the wall to` provide a compartment open through one side of the casing to receive a motor to be housed therein for adjustment, repair and removal. Cover 2 is constructed to close the opening in the casing and completely enclose the motor Within the shaver handle.

The motor includes three units that cooperate with each other to provide the vibratory motion for operating the inner cutter of a shaver head but which are independently mounted in casing I. l

The armature unit is one of these units and has a pivot post 6 formed with laterally extending securing feet I on one endthereof seated on projection 8 extending inwardly from outer wall 4 of casing I between the side wall portions thereof. Feet 'I are' formed with openings 9I adapted to receive securing screws I0 of smaller diameter. Screws I0 threadedly engage in sockets I I provided with threaded openings so that post 6 may be rigidly secured to projection 8 and casing I against relative movement. Suitable lock washers I2 are mounted under the heads of screws I0 so that when the screws are tightened in sockets II they will hold post 6 and feet I rigidly in adjusted position on easing I. The large size of apertures 9 in feet I provide for the a us ent of the post and armature unit with respect to the other units in a manner that will be hereinafter described.

Post 6 extends perpendicularly to wall 4 as clearly shown in the drawing and the free end is transversely slotted to receive leaf spring I3 formed4 of a straight, flat, relatively wide thin strip of spring steel having one end engaged in the transverse slot in post 6. Spring I3 is rigidly secured to post 6 by suitable rivets I4 or other similar securing means. Spring I3 is positioned to extend, longitudinally of casing I from post 6 toward the shaver heads in a direction from the post opposite from the position of the amature and field as will be described. The longer dimension o! the spring extends in this longitudinal direction in the casing while the greater transverse dimension of the spring is positioned coaxial of post 6, as illustrated by the drawing.

'I'he end of spring I3 opposite post 6 has an armature supporting arm I5 formed with a flat end portion I6 rigidly secured thereto by rivets I1. From end I6 arm I 5 has an arcuate or curved section I 6' extending in substantially perpendicular relation from spring I3 about post 6 in substantially concentric relation thereto. The opposite end of curved or arcuate section I6' of arm I5 terminates in a transverse arm portion I8 having a slot formed therein. An armature I9 formed of a plurality of laminations of highly permeable steel or the like is riveted together and to opposite sidesof a supporting plate 26 formed with a projection 2| extending through the slot in transverse arm portion I8 of arm I5. Plate 2l is centrally located among the laminations forming armature I9. 'I'he free end of projection 2| is riveted or swagged to rigidly mount armature I9 on arm I5. Armature |9 has the laminations thereof formed to provide a pair of projecting pole portions at opposite ends each formed with a pair of offset arcuate end faces 22 and 22' respectively. substantially concentric to post 6. Pole faces 22 have a greater radius from post 6 than faces 22' and are also offset circumferentially as shown, with a shoulder 22" on the pole portions at the adjacent ends of the respective faces.

An operating arm 23 is mounted on the end of spring I3 by rivets I1 and is electrically insulated from spring I3, rivets il and arm I5 by insulating washers and sleeves indicated at 24. Operating arm 23, as illustrated in the drawing. is provided with a pair of spaced projections 25 that extend through openings in casing i and the base portions of shaver heads 3 for engagement with the inner reciprocable cutters of the shaver4 heads in order to operate these cutters in the vibratory operation of the motor.

In this armature unit, as above described, it will be noted that there are no bearings and shafts relatively movable to each other andsubject to wear in operation. The elimination of bearings eliminates clearances and lost motion occurring in interengaged movable parts and secures a. rigid connection ci all moving parts.

The field unit, independent of the varmature unit above described, is indicated at 3l! and has a held core 3| formed oi a plurality/,of laminations of generally U-shape riveted together. These laminations have a transverse portion of the core indicated at 32 with legs 33 extending laterally from opposite ends thereof. This core 3l is mounted on bosses 34 formed on walls 4 of casing I at the side central portions thereof so that legs 33 may be seated on bosses 34 near' the juncture with transverse portion 32. Suitable retaining screws 35 detachably secure the field unit to bosses 34 with legs 33 in a longitudinally extending position in the casing. A suitable form of spool 36 is applied to core 3| about transverse portion 32. The field winding 31 is carried by spool 36 and has a center tap for a direct current connection to be described. Core 3|, as illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawing is provided with a secondary pole extension 38 extending from one end of transverse portion 32 in an opposite direction from leg 33 and in alignment therewith for cooperation with the direct current vibrator unit.

The free ends of legs 33 terminate in adjacent but spaced relation with respect to projections 22 and 22 on the opposite ends of armature I9 and have the end faces offset in two directions in complementary relation to faces 22 and 22' asindicated at 33 and 33". The end faces 33' and 33" are of arcuate shape and are arranged in concentric relation to post 6. Shoulders 33B at the adjacent ends of offset end faces 33' and 33" are opposed to shoulders 22" to provide a stepped end arrangement for cooperation to obtain a greater magnetic field for operating the armature with the ends of the core legs and armature in overlapped relation. It will be noted that core 3| is arranged in a centrally disposed position in casing with the legs in longitudinally extending relation. This field unit is mounted in the central portion of the casing or handle for the shaver and is disposed in longitudinally aligned relation with the armature unit. The central longitudinal plane through field unit 30 is aligned with the armature unit and the normal plane of leaf spring I3 for a purpose that will be hereinafter pointed out. v

A direct current vibrator unit is located in the opposite end of the compartment in casing I from the armature unit and at the opposite end of iield unit 30 so that all three units are in substantially aligned relation, as shown in Fig. 1. This direct current vibrator unit has an angle bracket 4I) having one leg mounted on boss 4I formed c-n wall 4 at the left-hand side of the casing in the compartment therein, as shown in Fig. 1. The other leg of bracket 40 extends transversely in the casing and carries the vibrator mechanism.

The vibrator mechanism includes a leaf spring vibrator member 42 having one end engaged and supported on bracket 40 and an armature bar 43 secured to the free end thereof. A contact point 44 is mounted on the free end portion of vibrator member 42 adjacent bar 43 as shown in Fig. l, for engagement with contact point 45 carried by the free end of stationary contact bar 46 having the opposite end secured to bracket 4U.

In mounting vibrator member 42 and stationary .contact bar 46 on bracket 46, it will be noted that they are arranged in spaced parallel relation and have an insulating and spacing block 41 disposed between the mounted ends thereof and secured to bracket 40. Insulating washers 48 and insulating sleeves 48' are also associated with vibrator member 42 and stationary contact bar 46 to receive securing screws 49 therein for threaded engagement in threaded openings in bracket 46 for securing spacer block 41, insulating washers 48, sleeves 48', vibrator member 42 and stationary contact bar 46 in assembled relation on bracket 4U.

The vibrator unit includes a condenser 56 having leads 5I connected to vibrator member 42 these points in a manner well-known in the art.

Field Winding 31 has a center tap connected by lead 52 to bracket 40 so as to be in circuit with vibrator member 42 but insulated from `contact member 46 by insulating block 41, the washers and sleeves. One end of field winding 31 is connected by lead 53 to terminal projection carried by terminal yplate 55 mounted in the end of casing I formed to provide av socket for receiving the plug on the end of an attachment cord used for connecting the motor with a source of current supply. Terminal projections 56 and 51 are mounted on terminal plate 55 in either'equal or unequally spaced relation to terminal projection 54 and parallel thereto in planes intersecting projection 54 at right angles to each other. Terminal projection 56 is connected by a lead 58 to stationary contact member 46 while terminal projection 51 is connected by a lead 59 to the other end of field winding 31.

ThisAV motor constructed as above described,

provides a vibratory motor that will operate on either alternating or direct current. For operation on alternating current a connecting cord is used with a plug having sockets for engagequency of vibration of vibrator member 42 may be predetermined by varying its effective length so that it can be operated at a frequency of 60 cycles per second or any other approximate vibration rate that is desired. The stationary contact arm or member 46 is similarly constructand the ends of legs 33 of the core.

ed for corresponding adjustment with the vibrator member soy the contact points may be maintained in registry.

Y When the eld unit is energized either by alternating or pulsating direct current, it produces an electromagnetic field that travels from the ends of legs 38 through armature I9 in providing a. substantially closed magnetic circuit and pulls armature I9 to the right, as shown in Fig. 1, in a rotary direction about post 6 as a center. This pull will also have a tendency to pull the armature toward the ends of legs 33 of the core but due to the position of leaf spring I3, longitudinal movementA of the armature relative to the case is prevented so that no contact is obtained between projections 22 of armature I 9 The rotary i motion of armature I9 resulting from its mounting on flexible leaf spring I3 and arm I5 pro-v duces a substantially rotary motion of curved section I6 of armature supporting arm I5 in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby moving the ment with terminal projections 54 and 51 respectively, so that circuit is made through field winding 31 by current passing from terminal projection 54 to one end of field Winding 31 through lead 53. The current then passes through the field Winding and through lead 59 through which the current return to the opposite side of the circuit through terminal projection 51. In operation of the .motor on alternating current it will be seen from this description that the vibrator unit is not included in the circuit. As a result. the energization of the field coil 31 and magnetization of the core is in accordance with the alternations of the current supplied from the current supply source to which the motor is connected.

When it is desired to operate the motor on d irect current or on alternating current Where it is to be controlled by the operation of the vibrator unit, then the plug of the connecting cord is used in a different position, or a different cord is used. with a plug having contacts for making circuit with a source of current supply and with terminal projections 54 and 56. The current will flow from projection 54 through lead 53 to eld winding 31 and then from the center tap in winding 31 through lead 52 to bracket 40. The current Will then pass from bracket 4U through vibrator member 42, contact points 44 and 45 to stationary contact arm 4S. Then, the current flows through lead`58 to terminal projection 56 completing the circuit. This will energize field Winding 31 and the electromagnetic field set up in core 3U will thro-ugh pole projection 38 operate to draw the free end of vibrator member 42 and armature bar 43 toward pole projection 38 to disengage contact points 44 and 45 breaking the circuit. The resiliency of vibrator member 42 will return the vibrator into a position to engage contacts 44 and 45 again establishing a circuit through field winding 31 for securing another energization of the field winding and core to operate vibrator 42 to break the circuit again. The vibrator member is constructed for a limited adjustment in its mounting on bracket by having the apertures receiving screws 48 enlarged longitudinally of the member so that the frefree end of spring I3 relative to post 6 to the left, as shown in Fig. 1.

As the il'eld becomes deenergized When alternating current passes the peak of the cycle and returns to zero or becomes deenergized with a pulsating direct current,` spring I3 returns the armature to the position shown in Fig. 1. In actual operation, the armature will move to the left of the position shown in Fig. 1 and the upper end of spring I3 will move to the right Aof the position shown in Fie. 1 as the armature is vibrated back and forth by the current. The vibratory motion will be of a substantially rotating char-- acter about post 6 as a center under` the control of spring I3 and operating arm 23 will be reciprocated back and forth for reciprocating the inne: reciprocatory cutters in the |shaver heads 3. The inertia, of armature I9 cooperates with the spring in obtaining a greater amplitude of vibration and more uniform driving power for operating the inner cutters in their reciprocating movement in both directions.

In operation it will be seen that armature I9 moves in an opposite direction from actuating arm 23 in the operation of'this motor because the motion of both of these parts is a rotary one at opposite sides of and about post 6. The effect of this operation is to obtain an inherent dynamic balancing eiTect for eliminating objectionable vibration of the casing. The adjustment'of armature post 6 in the manner above described provides for projections 22 and 22' of armature I9 being adjusted to the desired spaced and overlapping offset position with respect to the ends of legs 33 of the eld core so that full advantage may be taken of the maximum power of the field core in operating the armature. It will be noted, that in the position of rest projections 22 and 22' are offset in partially overlapping relation with the offset end faces 33 and 33 of legs 33 of the eld core and in a position 'where they are subjected to substantially the maximum pull of the core when the eld is energized. This arrangement provides a vibratory motor that develops a maximum amount of power considering the size of the motor and theY size of the field winding 31.

With a straight leai spring i3 for rigidly mounting the armature I9 and its associated parts in suspended relation from post 6 and the rotary vibrating motion of the armature about the post, a greater amplitude of vibration is obtained with this motor in comparison with vibratory motors heretofore used. The arcuate shape of the armature supporting arm provides for a more efficient operation of the leaf spring and operating member 23 in obtaining this greater` amplitude of vibration and greater power utilizing the inertia of the armature with its relative position and direction of movement in relation to the plane of spring I3.

In addition to obtaining a longer stroke or greater amplitude of operation of operating member 23, the armature unit constructed as shown also provides for the development `of a substantially equal pull in both directions in the operation of the inner cutter of a shaver head. This is an improvement over the type of shavers where the armature is pulled toward the field pole because in most instances it is known that the armature does not exert equal force in operation in opposite directions.

The present invention also eliminates practically all of the noise present in previous vibratory shaver motors and provides a motor that operates very quietly. Noisy operation is avoided because the armature has a rotary motion and moves endwise in its vibratory motion so there is a very small air column moved by this vibratory operation of the armature. There is therefore little opportunity for the air column set in motion by the armature to set up harmonic vibrations in the case. The rotary character of the armature motion helps to eliminate noisy operation. Vibration as well as noise is eliminated to a large extent when the vibrator unit is operating due to the fact that the vibrator member on the vibrator unit moves longitudinally in the casing and substantially perpendicular to the vibratory motion of armature I9. This tends to have the vibrations created by the vibratory movement of vibrator member 42 equalized by the vibrations of armature I9 for thereby eliminating vibration of the casing or handle of the Shaver.

replacement of parts or the entire unit. This provides a structure wherein the shaver motor is of simple construction, is readily accessible with respect to all parts thereof as well as being adjustable to secure eilicient cooperation of the three units in providing the vibrator shaver motor. This invention provides compactness as well as a motor structure that is light in weight and has a minimum number of parts that may be readily assembled.

The invention claimed is:

l 1. A vibratory motor comprising a support, a field core mounted in longitudinally extending relation on said support, a post rigidly mounted in laterally extending relation on said support in longitudinal alignment beyond one end of said field core, an armature mounted between said post and core adjacent the end of said core, an arcuate arm concentric with said post having said armature mounted on one end, a straight leaf spring secured to said post at one end and at the opposite end to the free end of said arcuate arm, said spring extending from said post in a direction opposite to said armature and longitudinally of said support, an operating4 arm mounted on and extending longitudinally from the end of said spring having said arcuate arm connection, and a field winding on said field core for connection with an electric current supply for magnetically vibrating said armature, arcuate and operating arms whereby said armature is vibrated in a rotary direction concentrically of said post by the cooperation of said leaf spring and arcuate arm which further cooperates to retain said armature against movement toward said field core for obtaining quiet operation, substantial power comparative to size and a large vibration amplitude.

2. A vibratory motor comprising a handle having a casing provided with a wall and laterallyl extending flange portions extending from said wall to form a compartment, a U-shaped field core secured to said wall in one portion of said compartment with the transverse portion positioned transversely of said compartment and the ieg portions of said core extending longitudinally toward one end of said compartment, an armature supporting post independently mounted on said wall in the end portion of said compartment in aligned relation with said core, said core having arcuate end faces on said leg portions concentric to said post, a fiat leaf spring having one end engaged with and secured to said post and the opposite end extending from said post in a direction opposite to said core and longitudinally aligned therewith in said casing, an operating arm and an arcuate arm mounted on the free end of said spring for support thereon for free movement in the flexing of said spring, said arcuate arm having a concentric arrangement relative to said post and extending around to the opposite side of said post adjacent said arcuate ends on said leg portions of the core, an armature having arcuate pole portions mounted on the end of said arcuate arm adjacent the arcuate ends of said field core legs in operative concentric relation thereto, and a field Winding on the transverse portion of said core adapted to be electrically energized for magnetically rotating said armature and arcuate arm about said post to ilex said leaf spring and thereby cooperate with said spring in the use of alternating and pulsating currents to obtain oscillating rotary motion of said armature for vibrating said operating arm.

3. A vibratory motor comprising a casing having a wall portion' with asurrounding laterally extending flange forming a compartment therein, a post having laterally extending projections on one end seated on said wall, securing means engaged with said projections and Wall 'for rigidly securing said post to said wall in an adjusted position, a flat straight leaf spring having one end mounted on the free end of said post in radial extending relation therefrom with the transverse portion of greater dimension extending axially of said post for circumferential flexing of the free end of said spring relative to said post, an operating arm and an arcuate armature supporting arm mounted on the free end of said spring, said operating arm extending radially relative to said post from the end of said spring in substantially aligned relation thereto and said arcuate arm extending substantially perpendicularly from the free end of said spring in substantially concentric 2,396,897 lspaced relation about said post to a position substantially diametrically opposite to said spring, an armature mounted on said arcuate arm in substantially diametrically opposite relation to said spring, and an electromagnet detachably mounted on said wall in longitudinal alignment beyond said armature with pole ends positioned adjacent the ends oi said armature in operative relation Whereby said spring and electromagnet cooperate when said electromagnet is energized by pulsating and alternating currents to oscillate said armature back and forth in a rotary direction concentric to said post for vibrating said operating arm.

4. A vibratory motor comprising a support, a post rigidly and adjustably mounted on said support in laterally extending relation therefrom, a nat resilient strip rigidly mounted at one end on said post with the portion of greater transverse dimension extending coaxially of the post and the free end of the strip extending in radial relation from said post in spaced parallel relation to said support, an operating arm and an armature supporting arm having one end of each arm secured to the free end of said strip, said operating arm extending outwardly from the free end of said strip in substantially radial relation to said post; said armature supporting arm being formed to extend around said post in spaced relation with the opposite end positioned on the opposite side of said post and extending transversely relative to said post, an armature mounted on said opposite end of said supporting arm in transversely extending spaced relation to said post and the plane of said spring, and an electromagnet mounted on said support beyond said post and armature with the central portion in co-planary relation with said spring and post and having one end extending into adjacent spaced operative relation to said armature for cooperation with said springto oscillate said armature by producing rotary motion thereof relative to said post for vibrating said operating arm to drive a reciprocatory member.

5. A vibratory motor, comprising vibrator, veld and armature units arranged in aligned relation with the vibrator and armature units on opposite sides of said field unit, said field unit having a core formed with a pair `of spaced parallel leg portions joined at one end by a transverse portion, said last-mentioned end of one leg having a pole projection, said vibrator unit having a vibrator member extending transversely relative tosaid legs and having a freeend mounted in adjacent spaced relation to said pole projection for vibration longitudinally relative to said units, and said armature unit having an armature exopposite ends terminating in adjacent spaced relation relative to the free ends oi said legs. said armature unit mounting said armature for oscillation transversely relative to said units and said iield unit operating said armature and vibrator simultaneously whereby the oscillation thereof at right angles to each other cooperates to eliminate vibration in said motor.

6. A vibratory motor comprising a eld core having a field winding and spaced parallel legs extending from opposite ends of said core in the same direction,l a rigidly mounted post beyond the ends ofsaid legs, an armature mounted between said post and said core having offset end faces arranged in overlapping spaced offsetrelation to complementary oiiset end faces on the legs of ysaid core, a leaf spring mounted on said post at one end and extending radially therefrom, an armature arm mounted on the other end of said leaf spring and having said armature mounted thereon, an operating arm projecting from the free end of said spring, and means for connecting said leldwith a source of electric current for magnetizing said core to operate said armature against the tension of said spring and cooperating with said spring to oscillate said armature and said operating arm for driving a reciprocating member, said offset end faces cooperating in obtaining more eilcient power production by said armature in cooperation with said spring.

7. A vibratory motor comprising a support, a field core mounted in longitudinally extending relation on said support, a post rigidly mounted in laterally extending relation on said Support in longitudinal alignment beyond one end of said iield core, an armature mounted between said post and core adjacent the end of said core, an arm extending about said post in spaced relation having said armature mounted on one end, a straight leaf spring secured to said post at one end and at the opposite end to said arm, said spring extending from said post substantially .longitudinally of said support, an operating arm connected with said first-mentioned arm and extending longitudinally o'f said support, and

' a, eld winding on said field core for connection tending transversely relative to said units with with an electric current supply for magnetically vibrating said armature and arms whereby said armature is vibrated in a substantially rotary directionl concentrically of said v post by the cooperation of saidleaf spring and first-mentioned arm which further cooperates to retain said armature against movement toward said ield core for obtaining quiet operation, substantial power comparative to size and a larger vibration amp tude.

f EDGAR S. TOIMIE. 

